Flat Design

The great clean-up of 2013. Textures, gloss and fake leather were thrown out, and interfaces turned into solid colours, simple icons and long diagonal shadows.

Open the kit Copy prompt

What defines it

Flat design removed the imitation of real materials from interfaces. Everything became simple shapes and solid colour, focused on clarity and speed.

Solid colours

Bright, flat fills from a set palette, with no gradients or textures.

Long shadows

A signature trick: a diagonal shadow stretches far from icons and letters.

Simple icons

Pictograms reduced to basic outlines and shapes.

Clean typography

Friendly sans-serifs at clear sizes replace embossed, textured labels.

Where it came from

Flat design was a reaction against years of glossy, textured interfaces.

  1. 2006

    A music player

    An early portable media player interface uses big type and flat colour, pointing the way.

  2. 2010

    Tiles and type

    A mobile operating system launches a tile-based interface built on typography and flat colour.

  3. 2012

    Desktops go flat

    Desktop operating systems adopt full-screen flat tiles.

  4. 2013

    iOS 7

    Apple removes textures and gloss from its mobile interface, and flat becomes the industry default.

  5. 2014

    Adding depth back

    Material Design brings back subtle shadows and layers, often called flat 2.0.

Motion study

Flat motion is clean and mechanical. Tiles flip to reveal content, like the live tiles of early flat phones.

Each tile rotates on its X axis with a small delay, creating a wave of flips.

Where you meet it

These three mockups are built only from the kit on this page. Swap the tokens and they change style with it.

Mobile apps of the 2010s

Utility and productivity apps used flat icons and colour-coded sections.

Startup landing pages

Flat illustration and icons defined a decade of product websites.

Dashboards and admin panels

Colour-coded flat cards made data easy to scan.

Foundations

The tokens every component on this page is built from. Copy them as a starting point, then adjust with intent.

Color

A bright set of flat colours that became almost universal in the early 2010s, grounded by midnight blue. Tap a swatch to copy its hex value.

:root{
  --turquoise: #1ABC9C;
  --blue: #3498DB;
  --amethyst: #9B59B6;
  --sunflower: #F1C40F;
  --carrot: #E67E22;
  --alizarin: #E74C3C;
  --midnight: #2C3E50;
  --clouds: #ECF0F1;
}

Typography

The typical pairing of the era: a geometric sans for headings and a humanist sans for reading.

Display
clamp(39px, 9vw, 76px)
Flat.
Heading 1
39.1px

Flat Design heading

Heading 2
31.2px

Flat Design heading

Heading 3
25.0px

Flat Design heading

Heading 4
20.0px

Flat Design heading

Body
16px

Body text carries the explanation. Keep lines under about 75 characters so the eye can find the next line.

Small
12.8px
Captions, helper text and metadata.
Mono
12.8px
--radius: 8px;
:root{
  --font-d: "Montserrat",system-ui,sans-serif;
  --font-b: "Open Sans",system-ui,sans-serif;
  --font-m: ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;
  --fs-d: clamp(39px, 9vw, 76px);
  --fs-1: 39.1px; --fs-2: 31.2px;
  --fs-3: 25.0px; --fs-4: 20.0px;
  --fs-body: 16px; --fs-sm: 12.8px;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-d);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  text-transform: none;
  line-height: 1.1;
}
/* fonts: Montserrat and Open Sans, the typical pairing of the era */

Grid

A tidy 12-column grid with colour-coded blocks. Everything aligns, nothing overlaps.

Even columns

Equal cards, product tiles, feature lists.

4
4
4
Show code
<div class="row"><div class="col-4">4</div><div class="col-4">4</div><div class="col-4">4</div></div>

Content and sidebar

Articles, documentation, settings pages.

8
4
Show code
<div class="row"><div class="col-8">8</div><div class="col-4">4</div></div>

Asymmetric split

Heroes and feature sections with tension.

5
7
Show code
<div class="row"><div class="col-5">5</div><div class="col-7">7</div></div>

Four up

Dense galleries and logo walls.

3
3
3
3
Show code
<div class="row"><div class="col-3">3</div><div class="col-3">3</div><div class="col-3">3</div><div class="col-3">3</div></div>
.row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}
.col-3 { grid-column: span 3; }  .col-4 { grid-column: span 4; }
.col-5 { grid-column: span 5; }  .col-7 { grid-column: span 7; }
.col-8 { grid-column: span 8; }
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .row > * { grid-column: auto; }
}

Shape and depth

Small radius, no borders on surfaces and no shadows, except a thin darker edge under buttons.

radius: 4px
border: 0px
radius-sm: 3px
shadow-sm
shadow (raised)
media fill
:root {
  --radius: 4px;
  --radius-sm: 3px;
  --bw: 0px;
  --shadow: none;
  --shadow-sm: none;
  --gap: 24px;
  --pad: 24px;
}

Token playground

Change three tokens and the whole page responds, because every component reads from them. Reset brings back the style defaults.

Move a control to see the token change.

Components

Every component below is plain HTML with class names from the kit. Copy the full kit CSS once, then paste any snippet.

/* Flat Design kit · Anti-Boring */
:root{
  --bg:#ECF0F1;
  --surface:#FFFFFF;
  --surface2:#DDE3E6;
  --fg:#2C3E50;
  --muted:#5D6D7E;
  --accent:#1ABC9C;
  --accent-fg:#FFFFFF;
  --accent2:#3498DB;
  --accent2-fg:#FFFFFF;
  --border:#BDC3C7;
  --bw:0px;
  --radius:4px;
  --radius-sm:3px;
  --shadow:none;
  --shadow-sm:none;
  --font-d:"Montserrat",system-ui,sans-serif;
  --font-b:"Open Sans",system-ui,sans-serif;
  --font-m:ui-monospace,Menlo,monospace;
  --h-weight:800;
  --h-track:-.01em;
  --h-case:none;
  --h-style:normal;
  --h-lh:1.1;
  --gap:24px;
  --pad:24px;
  --focus:rgba(26,188,156,.4);
  --ok:#27AE60;
  --warn:#D35400;
  --danger:#C0392B;
  --info:#2980B9;
  --field-bg:#FFFFFF;
  --field-shadow:none;
  --media:linear-gradient(135deg,#E67E22 50%,#D35400 50%);
  --code-bg:#2C3E50;
  --code-fg:#ECF0F1;
  --btn-case:none;
  --btn-track:0;
  --btn-weight:600;
  --badge-radius:999px;
  --maxw:1160px;
  --fs-sm:12.8px;
  --fs-body:16px;
  --fs-4:20.0px;
  --fs-3:25.0px;
  --fs-2:31.2px;
  --fs-1:39.1px;
  --fs-d:clamp(39px, 9vw, 76px);
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--fg);font:400 var(--fs-body)/1.6 var(--font-b);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--font-d);font-weight:var(--h-weight);letter-spacing:var(--h-track);text-transform:var(--h-case);font-style:var(--h-style);line-height:var(--h-lh);margin:0 0 .4em}
h1{font-size:var(--fs-1)} h2{font-size:var(--fs-2)} h3{font-size:var(--fs-3)} h4{font-size:var(--fs-4)}
p{margin:0 0 1em}
a{color:inherit}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}
code,pre,kbd{font-family:var(--font-m)}

/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.5em;font:var(--btn-weight) 1rem/1 var(--font-b);text-transform:var(--btn-case);letter-spacing:var(--btn-track);padding:.85em 1.4em;border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-fg);box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .12s,box-shadow .12s,background-color .12s,color .12s}
.btn:hover{transform:translateY(-1px)}
.btn:active{transform:translateY(1px)}
.btn-2{background:var(--accent2);color:var(--accent2-fg)}
.btn-ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--fg);box-shadow:none}
.btn-sm{font-size:.85rem;padding:.6em 1em}
.btn-lg{font-size:1.15rem;padding:1em 1.7em}
.btn[disabled]{opacity:.45;cursor:not-allowed;transform:none}

/* forms */
.field{display:grid;gap:.4em;margin-bottom:1.1em}
.label{font-weight:600;font-size:.95rem}
.help{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted)}
.input,.select,.textarea{width:100%;font:1rem/1.4 var(--font-b);color:var(--fg);padding:.75em .9em;background:var(--field-bg);border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);box-shadow:var(--field-shadow);appearance:none}
.select{background-image:linear-gradient(45deg,transparent 50%,currentColor 50%),linear-gradient(135deg,currentColor 50%,transparent 50%);background-position:calc(100% - 20px) 55%,calc(100% - 14px) 55%;background-size:6px 6px;background-repeat:no-repeat;padding-right:2.4em}
.textarea{min-height:110px;resize:vertical}
.input:focus,.select:focus,.textarea:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:var(--field-shadow),0 0 0 3px var(--focus)}
.is-error .input{border-color:var(--danger)} .is-error .help{color:var(--danger)}
.choice{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6em;margin:.35em 0;cursor:pointer}
.check,.radio{appearance:none;width:1.25em;height:1.25em;margin:0;flex:none;border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);background:var(--field-bg);box-shadow:var(--field-shadow);display:grid;place-items:center;cursor:pointer}
.check{border-radius:calc(var(--radius-sm)/2)} .radio{border-radius:50%}
.check::after{content:"";width:.55em;height:.3em;border-left:2.5px solid var(--accent-fg);border-bottom:2.5px solid var(--accent-fg);transform:rotate(-45deg) translate(1px,-1px);opacity:0}
.radio::after{content:"";width:.5em;height:.5em;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent-fg);opacity:0}
.check:checked,.radio:checked{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--border)}
.check:checked::after,.radio:checked::after{opacity:1}
.switch{appearance:none;width:2.8em;height:1.6em;margin:0;flex:none;border-radius:999px;border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);background:var(--surface2);position:relative;cursor:pointer;transition:background .15s;box-shadow:var(--field-shadow)}
.switch::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:.18em;width:1.1em;height:1.1em;border-radius:50%;background:var(--fg);transform:translateY(-50%);transition:left .15s}
.switch:checked{background:var(--accent)}
.switch:checked::before{left:calc(100% - 1.28em);background:var(--accent-fg)}
.range{width:100%;accent-color:var(--accent)}

/* surfaces */
.card{background:var(--surface);color:var(--fg);border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:var(--pad);position:relative}
.card-media{aspect-ratio:16/9;border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--media);margin-bottom:1em}
.badge{display:inline-block;font:600 .75rem/1 var(--font-b);padding:.45em .75em;border-radius:var(--badge-radius);background:var(--accent2);color:var(--accent2-fg);border:var(--bw) solid var(--border)}
.alert{padding:1em 1.2em;border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);border-left:6px solid var(--c,var(--info));border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--surface);margin-bottom:.8em}
.alert b{color:var(--c,var(--info))}
.alert-ok{--c:var(--ok)} .alert-warn{--c:var(--warn)} .alert-danger{--c:var(--danger)}
.progress{height:.8em;border-radius:999px;background:var(--surface2);border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);overflow:hidden}
.progress i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--accent)}

/* navigation */
.tabs{display:flex;gap:.25em;border-bottom:var(--bw) solid var(--border);flex-wrap:wrap}
.tab{font:600 .95rem var(--font-b);padding:.7em 1em;background:none;border:0;border-bottom:3px solid transparent;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;margin-bottom:calc(var(--bw) * -1)}
.tab[aria-selected="true"]{color:var(--fg);border-bottom-color:var(--accent)}
.crumbs{display:flex;gap:.5em;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}
.crumbs li+li::before{content:"/";margin-right:.5em;opacity:.6}
.pager{display:flex;gap:.4em;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;flex-wrap:wrap}
.pager a{display:grid;place-items:center;min-width:2.4em;height:2.4em;border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);text-decoration:none;background:var(--surface)}
.pager a[aria-current]{background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-fg)}

/* table */
.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:var(--bw) solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--surface)}
.table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95rem;min-width:460px}
.table th,.table td{text-align:left;padding:.75em 1em;border-bottom:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--border) 30%,transparent)}
.table th{font-family:var(--font-d);font-weight:var(--h-weight)}

/* grid */
.row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--gap)}
.col-3{grid-column:span 3}.col-4{grid-column:span 4}.col-5{grid-column:span 5}.col-6{grid-column:span 6}.col-7{grid-column:span 7}.col-8{grid-column:span 8}.col-12{grid-column:span 12}
@media (max-width:760px){.row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:min(var(--gap),16px)}.row>*{grid-column:auto!important;grid-row:auto!important}}

/* signature */
.btn{box-shadow:0 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.18)}
.btn:hover{transform:none;filter:brightness(1.07)}
.btn:active{transform:translateY(3px);box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.18)}
.btn-ghost{box-shadow:none;border:2px solid var(--fg)}
.card-media{overflow:hidden}
.badge{border:0;background:#E74C3C;color:#fff;border-radius:3px}
.input,.select,.textarea{border:2px solid var(--border)}
.input:focus,.select:focus,.textarea:focus{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:none}
.check,.radio,.switch{border:2px solid var(--border)}
.switch::before{background:#fff}
.alert{border:0;border-left:0;background:var(--c);color:#fff}
.alert b{color:#fff}
.progress{border:0;height:.6em}
.tabs{border-bottom:2px solid var(--border)}
.tab[aria-selected="true"]{border-bottom-color:var(--accent)}
.pager a{border:0;background:var(--surface2)}
.table-wrap{border:0}
.table th{background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg)}

/* dark theme: add class="alt" to <html> */
html.alt{
  --bg:#2C3E50;
  --surface:#34495E;
  --surface2:#2F4356;
  --fg:#ECF0F1;
  --muted:#BDC3C7;
  --border:#4A6278;
  --field-bg:#34495E;
  --code-bg:#1C2833;
}

Buttons

Three emphasis levels, three sizes and a disabled state. Keep one primary button per view.

Show HTML
<div class="demo-row">
  <button class="btn">Primary</button>
  <button class="btn btn-2">Secondary</button>
  <button class="btn btn-ghost">Ghost</button>
  <button class="btn" disabled>Disabled</button>
</div>
<div class="demo-row" style="margin-top:14px">
  <button class="btn btn-sm">Small</button>
  <button class="btn">Default</button>
  <button class="btn btn-lg">Large</button>
</div>

Form elements

Text fields, choices and toggles share the same border, radius and focus ring, so a form reads as one family.

As it appears on your ID.
Enter a complete email address.
Interests
Billing
Show HTML
<form class="formgrid" onsubmit="return false">
  <div>
    <div class="field">
      <label class="label" for="f-name">Full name</label>
      <input class="input" id="f-name" placeholder="Ada Lovelace">
      <span class="help">As it appears on your ID.</span>
    </div>
    <div class="field is-error">
      <label class="label" for="f-mail">Email</label>
      <input class="input" id="f-mail" type="email" value="ada@">
      <span class="help">Enter a complete email address.</span>
    </div>
    <div class="field">
      <label class="label" for="f-plan">Plan</label>
      <select class="select" id="f-plan"><option>Starter</option><option>Studio</option><option>Team</option></select>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div>
    <div class="field">
      <label class="label" for="f-msg">Message</label>
      <textarea class="textarea" id="f-msg" placeholder="Tell us about your project"></textarea>
    </div>
    <fieldset class="field" style="border:0;padding:0;margin:0 0 1.1em">
      <legend class="label">Interests</legend>
      <label class="choice"><input type="checkbox" class="check" checked> Typography</label>
      <label class="choice"><input type="checkbox" class="check"> Motion</label>
    </fieldset>
    <fieldset class="field" style="border:0;padding:0;margin:0 0 1.1em">
      <legend class="label">Billing</legend>
      <label class="choice"><input type="radio" name="bill" class="radio" checked> Monthly</label>
      <label class="choice"><input type="radio" name="bill" class="radio"> Yearly</label>
    </fieldset>
    <label class="choice"><input type="checkbox" class="switch" checked> Email me updates</label>
    <div class="field" style="margin-top:1em">
      <label class="label" for="f-range">Budget</label>
      <input class="range" id="f-range" type="range" value="60">
    </div>
    <button class="btn">Send request</button>
  </div>
</form>

Cards

A container for one idea. Media sits on top, then a badge, title, short text and one action.

New

Card title

Short supporting text that explains what this card is about.

Read more
Guide

Second card

Cards in a row share height and spacing, so the grid stays calm.

Open
Show HTML
<div class="auto">
  <article class="card">
    <div class="card-media"></div>
    <span class="badge">New</span>
    <h4 style="margin-top:.6em">Card title</h4>
    <p>Short supporting text that explains what this card is about.</p>
    <a class="btn btn-sm" href="#">Read more</a>
  </article>
  <article class="card">
    <div class="card-media" style="filter:hue-rotate(40deg)"></div>
    <span class="badge">Guide</span>
    <h4 style="margin-top:.6em">Second card</h4>
    <p>Cards in a row share height and spacing, so the grid stays calm.</p>
    <a class="btn btn-sm btn-2" href="#">Open</a>
  </article>
</div>

Feedback

Alerts, badges and progress tell people what just happened and what to do next.

Info. Your draft saves every 30 seconds.
Saved. Changes are live on your site.
Check this. Two images are missing alt text.
Upload failed. Files must be under 10 MB. Try a smaller file.
Default Accent
Show HTML
<div class="alert"><b>Info.</b> Your draft saves every 30 seconds.</div>
<div class="alert alert-ok"><b>Saved.</b> Changes are live on your site.</div>
<div class="alert alert-warn"><b>Check this.</b> Two images are missing alt text.</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger"><b>Upload failed.</b> Files must be under 10 MB. Try a smaller file.</div>
<div class="demo-row" style="margin-top:14px">
  <span class="badge">Default</span>
  <span class="badge" style="background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-fg)">Accent</span>
</div>
<div style="margin-top:18px"><div class="progress" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="64" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" aria-label="Upload progress"><i style="width:64%"></i></div></div>

Navigation

Tabs switch views in place. Breadcrumbs show location. Pagination moves through long lists.

  1. Home
  2. Library
  3. This page
Show HTML
<div class="tabs" role="tablist">
  <button class="tab" role="tab" aria-selected="true">Overview</button>
  <button class="tab" role="tab" aria-selected="false">Specs</button>
  <button class="tab" role="tab" aria-selected="false">Reviews</button>
</div>
<ol class="crumbs" style="margin-top:20px">
  <li><a href="#">Home</a></li><li><a href="#">Library</a></li><li aria-current="page">This page</li>
</ol>
<ul class="pager" style="margin-top:20px">
  <li><a href="#">1</a></li><li><a href="#" aria-current="page">2</a></li><li><a href="#">3</a></li><li><a href="#">4</a></li>
</ul>

Data table

Tables scroll sideways on small screens instead of squashing columns.

ProjectOwnerStatusDue
HomepageRūtaReview12 Oct
CheckoutTomasDraft19 Oct
OnboardingIevaLive2 Oct
Show HTML
<div class="table-wrap">
  <table class="table">
    <thead><tr><th>Project</th><th>Owner</th><th>Status</th><th>Due</th></tr></thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr><td>Homepage</td><td>Rūta</td><td><span class="badge">Review</span></td><td>12 Oct</td></tr>
      <tr><td>Checkout</td><td>Tomas</td><td><span class="badge">Draft</span></td><td>19 Oct</td></tr>
      <tr><td>Onboarding</td><td>Ieva</td><td><span class="badge">Live</span></td><td>2 Oct</td></tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

Prompt it

A ready prompt for AI design and coding tools. It names exact tokens and bans the usual defaults, so the output keeps this style's point of view.

Design a responsive landing page for a simple task manager app in an authentic Flat Design style.

Palette: Turquoise #1ABC9C, Blue #3498DB, Amethyst #9B59B6, Sunflower #F1C40F, Carrot #E67E22, Alizarin #E74C3C, Midnight #2C3E50, Clouds #ECF0F1.
Typography: Montserrat 800 for headings, Open Sans for body.
Layout: Two-column hero: headline and intro left, a 3 by 2 grid of square flat-colour icon tiles on the right, each icon with a long diagonal shadow.
Signature details: Flat UI palette (turquoise, blue, amethyst, sunflower, carrot, alizarin on midnight and clouds), no gradients or textures, long shadows made from stacked text-shadows.
Components: Solid buttons with a thin darker bottom edge, flat cards, solid-colour alerts with white text, flat tabs with coloured underline.
Motion: Tiles flipping on the X axis in a staggered wave.
Avoid: gradients, textures, gloss, heavy drop shadows, white text on light colours.
Do not fall back on generic AI defaults: no centered hero with a gradient blob, no identical rounded cards with soft grey shadows, no purple-to-blue gradients, no emoji icons, unless this style explicitly calls for them.
Accessibility: body text contrast of at least 4.5:1, visible keyboard focus on every control, labels on all form fields, and respect prefers-reduced-motion.
Deliver one self-contained HTML file with CSS variables for every color, font, radius and shadow token.

Common mistakes

Where this style usually goes wrong, and how to keep it honest.

Invisible buttons

Flat buttons can look like labels. Give actions strong colour and clear shape.

Everything the same colour weight

Without depth, hierarchy has to come from colour and size.

Low-contrast whites

White text on yellow or turquoise can fail contrast. Check every pair.

Generic stock icons

Everyone used the same icon sets. Draw icons that fit your content.